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The most frequently used general-purpose implementation of an associative array is with a hash table: an array combined with a hash function that separates each key into a separate "bucket" of the array. The basic idea behind a hash table is that accessing an element of an array via its index is a simple, constant-time operation. Therefore, the ...
Strings are immutable; built-in operators and keywords (rather than functions) provide concatenation, comparison, and UTF-8 encoding/decoding. [60] Record types can be defined with the struct keyword. [61] For each type T and each non-negative integer constant n, there is an array type denoted [n]T; arrays of differing lengths are thus of ...
CLIST (MVS Command List) CMS EXEC; csh and tcsh (by Bill Joy UC Berkeley) DIGITAL Command Language CLI for VMS (DEC, Compaq, HP) DOS batch language (for IBM PC DOS, pre-Windows) EXEC 2; Expect (a Unix automation and test tool) fish (a Unix shell) Hamilton C shell (a C shell for Windows) ksh (a standard Unix shell, written by David Korn) Nushell ...
A small phone book as a hash table. In computer science, a hash table is a data structure that implements an associative array, also called a dictionary or simply map; an associative array is an abstract data type that maps keys to values. [2]
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
GOTO" key on the 1982 ZX Spectrum home computer, implemented with native BASIC (one-key command entry). Goto is a statement found in many computer programming languages . It performs a one-way transfer of control to another line of code; in contrast a function call normally returns control.
The syntax for C with pointers is: array means 0x1000; array + 1 means 0x1004: the "+ 1" means to add the size of 1 int, which is 4 bytes; *array means to dereference the contents of array. Considering the contents as a memory address (0x1000), look up the value at that location (0x0002);
An array data structure can be mathematically modeled as an abstract data structure (an abstract array) with two operations get(A, I): the data stored in the element of the array A whose indices are the integer tuple I. set(A, I, V): the array that results by setting the value of that element to V. These operations are required to satisfy the ...