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These are Grice's four maxims of conversation or Gricean maxims: quantity, quality, relation, and manner. They describe the rules followed by people in conversation. [ 2 ] Applying the Gricean maxims is a way to explain the link between utterances and what is understood from them.
Grice distinguished conversational implicatures, which arise because speakers are expected to respect general rules of conversation, and conventional ones, which are tied to certain words such as "but" or "therefore". [2] Take for example the following exchange: A (to passerby): I am out of gas. B: There is a gas station 'round the corner.
Herbert Paul Grice (13 March 1913 – 28 August 1988), [1] usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a British philosopher of language who created the theory of implicature and the cooperative principle (with its namesake Gricean maxims), which became foundational concepts in the linguistic field of ...
The maxim of modesty is one of the six maxims proposed by Leech (1983) in his PP (politeness principle) meaning to minimize praise or to maximize dispraise of self. The modesty maxim states: "Minimize the expression of praise of self; maximize the expression of dispraise of self." For example:
These include paralinguistic features which are forms of communication that do not involve words but are added around an utterance to give meaning. Examples of paralinguistic features include facial expressions, laughter, eye contact, and gestures. Prosodic features refer to the sound of someone's voice as they speak: pitch, intonation and stress.
Lexical entrainment is the phenomenon in conversational linguistics of the process of the subject adopting the reference terms of their interlocutor. In practice, it acts as a mechanism of the cooperative principle in which both parties to the conversation employ lexical entrainment as a progressive system to develop "conceptual pacts" [1] (a working temporary conversational terminology) to ...
Phatic communion denotationally breaks Grice's conversational maxims, because it gives information that is unnecessary, untrue, or irrelevant.It has important connotational meanings that do not break these maxims [6] and is best understood as an important part of language in its role in establishing, maintaining, and managing bonds of sociality between participants, [7] as well as creating ...
Reeves and Nass argue that Grice's maxims are vital guidelines to the media equation because violations of these rules have a social significance. If one side of social interaction violates a rule, it may come off to the other party as a lack of attention being paid, or a diminishing of the importance of the conversation; in other words, they ...