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Gruffydd was the son of Llywelyn ap Seisyll, king of Gwynedd, and Angharad, daughter of Maredudd ab Owain, king of Deheubarth, [1] and the great-great-grandson of Hywel Dda. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] After his death, Wales was again divided into separate kingdoms.
Rhys ap Gruffydd or ap Gruffudd (often anglicised to "Griffith"; c. 1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1155 to 1197. Today, he is commonly known as The Lord Rhys , in Welsh Yr Arglwydd Rhys , although this title may have not been used in his lifetime. [ 2 ]
The only person known to have ruled all of Wales as a modern territory was Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1010–1063), a Prince of Gwynedd who became King of Wales from 1055 to 1063. However, some Welsh Princes sporadically claimed the medieval title of " Prince of Wales " between the 13th to 15th centuries.
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c. 1223 – 11 December 1282), Llywelyn II, also known as Llywelyn the Last (Welsh: Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf, lit. '"Llywelyn, Our Last Leader"'), was Prince of Gwynedd, and later was recognised as the Prince of Wales (Latin: Princeps Walliae; Welsh: Tywysog Cymru) from 1258 until his death at Cilmeri in 1282.
The modern territory of Wales was briefly united under the rule of Gruffydd (or Gruffudd) ap Llywelyn from 1055 to 1063. Gruffydd was "the only Welsh king ever to rule over the entire territory of Wales... Thus, from about 1057 until his death in 1063, the whole of Wales recognised the kingship of... Gruffudd ap Llywelyn". [3]
The kingdom of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn—the King of Wales from 1055 to 1063—was shattered by a Saxon invasion in 1063 just prior to the Norman invasion of Wales, but the House of Aberffraw restored by Gruffudd ap Cynan slowly recovered and Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd was able to proclaim the Principality of Wales at the Aberdyfi gathering of ...
He assembled a parliament at Machynlleth in 1404 and was crowned king of a free Wales. However, from 1408 the tide turned against Glyndwr, beginning with the fall of Aberystwyth and Harlech castles.
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was the only ruler to be able to unite Wales under his rule. In 1055, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn killed his rival Gruffydd ap Rhydderch in battle and recaptured Deheubarth. [1] Originally king of Gwynedd, by 1057 he was the ruler of Wales and had annexed parts of England around the border. He ruled Wales with no internal battles. [2]