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A Cochrane review published in 2016 reported moderate-quality evidence that a single Botulinum toxin-B treatment session could improve cervical dystonia symptoms by 10% to 20%, although with an increased risk of dry mouth and swallowing difficulties. [22] Another Cochrane review published in 2020 for Botulinum toxin-A found similar results. [23]
Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [24] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. [25]
Botox or Dysport injections have the advantage of ready availability (the same form is used for cosmetic surgery) and the effects are not permanent. There is a risk of temporary paralysis of the muscles being injected or the leaking of the toxin into adjacent muscle groups, causing weakness or paralysis in them.
The procedure to fix it involves a doctor injecting 50 to 100 units of Botox − more than twice the amount often used to smooth forehead wrinkles − into the upper cricopharyngeal muscle.
Surgery may be considered for patients that do not respond to oral medications or injections. The type of surgery performed is specific to the type of dystonia that the patient has [citation needed]. A systematic review found that some patients benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, but the studies may have been subject to financial ...
Cervical manipulation, commonly known as neck manipulation, is a procedure involving adjustment of the upper seven vertebrae of the spinal column. This procedure is most often utilized by chiropractors , as well as osteopathic physicians who practice osteopathic manipulation . [ 1 ]
Torticollis with recurrent, but transient contraction of the muscles of the neck and especially of the sternocleidomastoid, is called spasmodic torticollis. Synonyms are "intermittent torticollis", "cervical dystonia" or "idiopathic cervical dystonia", depending on cause. [23]
Aiello, who is a “two-time cancer survivor,” goes on to explain that she returned to the United States for surgery, “mostly because the care is better.” “And also it’s my native language.