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Mariner 1, built to conduct the first American planetary flyby of Venus, was the first spacecraft of NASA's interplanetary Mariner program.Developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and originally planned to be a purpose-built probe launched summer 1962, Mariner 1's design was changed when the Centaur proved unavailable at that early date.
Launch of Mariner 1 in 1962. The Mariner program was conducted by the American space agency NASA to explore other planets.Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) designed and built 10 robotic interplanetary probes named Mariner to explore the inner Solar System – visiting the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time, and returning to Venus and Mars for ...
1 September 1962 lander failure failed to escape Earth orbit 1962-043A: Sputnik 21 12 September 1962 flyby failure third stage exploded 1962-045A: Mariner 2: NASA: 14 December 1962 flyby success first successful Venus flyby; minimum distance 34,773 km 1962-041A: Cosmos 21 † 11 November 1963 flyby failure failed to escape Earth orbit 1963-044A
Mariner 1 and Mariner 2 were twins, launched on July 22 and August 27, 1962, to fly by the planet Venus. The first two craft used the same spacecraft bus as the Block I Rangers, each weighing 446 pounds (202 kg) and instrumented to perform radiometric temperature measurements of the planet, and to measure interplanetary magnetic fields and ...
When Mariner 4 flew by Mars on July 15, 1965, it captured the first images of another planet from space. But the first image of Mars ever seen on TV was different than expected.
Spacecraft Event Remarks 28 January: Ranger 3: Flyby of the Moon: Failed impactor, closest approach: 36,793 kilometres (22,862 mi) 26 April: Ranger 4: Lunar impact: Impacted far side, no data returned 21 October: Ranger 5: Flyby of the Moon: Failed impactor, closest approach: 724 kilometres (450 mi) 14 December: Mariner 2: Flyby of Venus
Voyager 1 relays messages to NASA’s mission control team after losing contact due to a technical issue. The aging spacecraft is relying on an old radio transmitter.
When Voyager 1 lifted off to space on September 5, 1977, no one expected that the probe would still be operating today. As a result of its exceptionally long-lived mission, Voyager 1 experiences ...