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Subclass the original Component class into a Decorator class (see UML diagram); In the Decorator class, add a Component pointer as a field; In the Decorator class, pass a Component to the Decorator constructor to initialize the Component pointer; In the Decorator class, forward all Component methods to the Component pointer; and
This is analogous to subclasses deferring requests to parent classes. But with inheritance, an inherited operation can always refer to the receiving object through the this member variable in C++ and self in Smalltalk. To achieve the same effect with delegation, the receiver passes itself to the delegate to let the delegated operation refer to ...
Python allows the creation of class methods and static methods via the use of the @classmethod and @staticmethod decorators. The first argument to a class method is the class object instead of the self-reference to the instance. A static method has no special first argument. Neither the instance, nor the class object is passed to a static method.
Python decorator syntax is often used to replace a function with the result of passing that function through a higher-order function. E.g., the function g could be implemented equivalently: >>> @twice ...
The factory method design pattern solves problems such as: How can an object's subclasses redefine its subsequent and distinct implementation? The pattern involves creation of a factory method within the superclass that defers the object's creation to a subclass's factory method.
In software engineering, the adapter pattern is a software design pattern (also known as wrapper, an alternative naming shared with the decorator pattern) that allows the interface of an existing class to be used as another interface. [1]
The Visitor [1] design pattern is one of the twenty-three well-known Gang of Four design patterns that describe how to solve recurring design problems to design flexible and reusable object-oriented software, that is, objects that are easier to implement, change, test, and reuse.
Mixin programming is a style of software development, in which units of functionality are created in a class and then mixed in with other classes. [6] A mixin class acts as the parent class, containing the desired functionality. A subclass can then inherit or simply reuse this functionality, but not as a means of specialization.