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Italian verbs have a high degree of inflection, the majority of which follows one of three common patterns of conjugation. Italian conjugation is affected by mood, person, tense, number, aspect and occasionally gender. The three classes of verbs (patterns of conjugation) are distinguished by the endings of the infinitive form of the verb: 1st ...
The Spanish copulas are ser and estar.The latter developed as follows: stare → *estare → estar. The copula ser developed from two Latin verbs. Thus its inflectional paradigm is a combination: most of it derives from svm (to be) but the present subjunctive appears to come from sedeo (to sit) via the Old Spanish verb seer.
The second conjugation combines the second and third conjugation of Latin; since the verbs belonging to the third conjugation were athematic, and they behaved less regularly than the ones belonging to the other conjugations (compare AMĀRE > AMAVI, AMATVS, first conjugation, and LEGĚRE > LEGI, LECTVS, third conjugation), the second conjugation ...
This means that any regular Latin verb can be conjugated in any person, number, tense, mood, and voice by knowing which of the four conjugation groups it belongs to, and its principal parts. A verb that does not follow all of the standard conjugation patterns of the language is said to be an irregular verb .
Verbs do not conjugate by person: yo, tu, il, nu, vu, li sava (I, you, he, we, you, they know). Mondial has a single irregular verb, the verb ser (to be): Infinitive: ser (to be) Present participle: sente (being) Past participle: sete (been) Present: e (is/am/are) Imperfect: evi (was) Simple future: sera (will be) Present conditional: seria ...
Similarly to some Romance languages (e.g. Italian), tu, você or o senhor / a senhora can be omitted because the verb ending provides the necessary information. The second person plural pronoun vós , from Latin vos , is archaic in most of the Portuguese-speaking world, but can be heard in liturgy, poetry and has a limited regional use.
Verbs in the fourth conjugation are in -īre (*-íre), later evolved to -ire in Italian, and -ir in most Romance languages. This conjugation type are infixed with once-inchoative -īsc- → *-ísc- in some languages, but its placement varies.
The T–V distinction is expressed in a variety of forms; two particularly common means are: addressing a single individual using the second-person plural forms in the language, instead of the singular (e.g. in French); addressing individuals with another pronoun with its own verb conjugations (e.g. in Spanish).
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