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A ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a heart condition in which either the right or left ventricular outflow tract is blocked or obstructed. These obstructions represent a spectrum of disorders. Majority of these cases are congenital, but some are acquired throughout life. [1]
The diagnosis of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is usually made by echocardiographic assessment and is defined as a peak left ventricular outflow tract gradient of ≥ 30 mmHg. [37] Another, non-obstructive variant of HCM is apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM or ApHCM), [39] also called Yamaguchi syndrome.
The right outflow tract is called "conus arteriosus" from the outside, and infundibulum from the inside. In the left ventricle the outflow tract is the "aortic vestibule". They both possess smooth walls, and are derived from the embryonic bulbus cordis [3] In both left and right ventricle there are specific structures separating the inflow and ...
Outflow tract obstruction leads to left ventricular hypertrophy and reduction in the left ventricular lumen. One example of this would be in the case of aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis that occurs during fetal development results in added stress on the left ventricle in utero. This can eventually lead to decreased perfusion through the left ...
One example is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, where left ventricular outflow tract obstruction results in persistent afterload elevation, potentially activating the Anrep effect chronically. [4]
Management of chest pain is based on the underlying cause ... It is the hypertrophy of interventricular septum that causes outflow obstruction of the left ventricle ...
Aortic stenosis is typically the result of aging, occurring in 12.4% of the population over 75 years of age, and represents the most common cause of outflow obstruction in the left ventricle. [1] Bicuspid aortic valves are found in up to 1% of the population, making it one of the most common cardiac abnormalities. [40]
ECG manifestations of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are common in aortic stenosis [7] [12] and arise as a result of the stenosis having placed a chronically high-pressure load on the left ventricle (with LVH being the expected response to chronic pressure loads on the left ventricle no matter what the cause). [40]
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