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In these instances, it can be useful to express internal shear stress as shear flow, which is found as the shear stress multiplied by the thickness of the section. An equivalent definition for shear flow is the shear force V per unit length of the perimeter around a thin-walled section. Shear flow has the dimensions of force per unit of length. [1]
An outline of key instrumentation is shown on Process Flow Diagrams (PFD) which indicate the principal equipment and the flow of fluids in the plant. Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID) provide details of all the equipment (vessels, pumps, etc), piping and instrumentation on the plant in a symbolic and diagrammatic form.
Turbolizers have added fins to "stir" up the drilling fluid and cement to keep the flow turbulent in order to make sure the cement flows all the way around the casing in order to prevent channeling. Scratchers use metal wires to scrape mud cake off permeable zones to help obtain a solid cement column.
Mixing of liquids occurs frequently in process engineering. The nature of liquids to blend determines the equipment used. Single-phase blending tends to involve low-shear, high-flow mixers to cause liquid engulfment, while multi-phase mixing generally requires the use of high-shear, low-flow mixers to create droplets of one liquid in laminar, turbulent or transitional flow regimes, depending ...
The flow rate is an important parameter for a pump. The flow rate in a peristaltic pump is determined by many factors, such as: Tube inner diameter – higher flow rate with larger inner diameter. Pump-head outer diameter – higher flow rate with larger outer diameter. Pump-head rotational speed – higher flow rate with higher speed.
Image source: The Motley Fool. Equinix (NASDAQ: EQIX) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Feb 12, 2025, 5:30 p.m. ET. Contents: Prepared Remarks. Questions and Answers. Call ...
He called on the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and other nations “to make sure Israel does keep all crossings open, enabling a sustained flow of aid that can alleviate further suffering.” U.S. President Joe Biden, speaking in Washington, said, “The surge of humanitarian assistance into Gaza will begin.
Just over $1.7 billion, or 21% of the revenue Starlink generated last year, came from one-time equipment sales. The remaining nearly four-fifths of Starlink's income, meanwhile, is recurring ...