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The Vedanta contained in the Upanishads, then formulated in the Brahma Sutra, and finally commented and explained by Shankara, is an invaluable key for discovering the deepest meaning of all the religious doctrines and for realizing that the Sanatana Dharma secretly penetrates all the forms of traditional spirituality.
The Upanishads are considered as the last part of the Vedas and also known as Vedanta School of the Ancient Indian Philosophy. In the Indian Philosophy, Atman is the identification of the self which is the pure consciousness and Brahman is the universal self of the universe and the ultimate reality of the universe. [ 4 ]
The fact that the Vedas that are more particularly emphasized in the Vedanta: the efficacy of the Vedic ritual is not rejected, it is just that there is a search for the Reality that informs it. [160] The Upanishads gradually evolved into Vedanta, which is one of the primary schools of thought within Hinduism.
The Upanishads (/ ʊ ˈ p ʌ n ɪ ʃ ə d z /; [1] Sanskrit: उपनिषद्, IAST: Upaniṣad, pronounced [ˈʊpɐnɪʂɐd]) are late Vedic and post-Vedic Sanskrit texts that "document the transition from the archaic ritualism of the Veda into new religious ideas and institutions" [2] and the emergence of the central religious concepts of Hinduism.
Vedānta (meaning "end of the Vedas") or Uttara-Mīmāṃsā, are a group of traditions which focus on the philosophical issues found in the Prasthanatrayi (the three sources), which are the Principal Upanishads, the Brahma Sutras and the Bhagavad Gita. [62] Vedānta sees the Vedas, particularly the Upanishads, as a reliable source of knowledge.
Dvaitadvaita Vedanta, ... Svābhāvika bhedābheda is an interpretation and harmonisation of the Upanishads, ... Brahman creates the universe in such a way that ...
The central concern of the Upanishads are the connections "between parts of the human organism and cosmic realities." [189] The Upanishads intend to create a hierarchy of connected and dependent realities, evoking a sense of unity of "the separate elements of the world and of human experience [compressing] them into a single form."
The Upanishads were variously interpreted by ancient- and medieval-era Vedanta scholars. Consequently, the Vedanta separated into many sub-schools, ranging from theistic dualism to non-theistic monism, each interpreting the texts in its own way and producing its own series of sub-commentaries.