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A high-refractive-index polymer (HRIP) is a polymer that has a refractive index greater than 1.50. [ 1 ] Such materials are required for anti-reflective coating and photonic devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and image sensors .
The shortest wavelength's index is , and the longest's is . Abbe numbers are used to classify glass and other optical materials in terms of their chromaticity . For example, the higher dispersion flint glasses have relatively small Abbe numbers V < 55 {\displaystyle V<55} whereas the lower dispersion crown glasses have larger Abbe numbers.
Many materials have a well-characterized refractive index, but these indices often depend strongly upon the frequency of light, causing optical dispersion. Standard refractive index measurements are taken at the "yellow doublet" sodium D line, with a wavelength (λ) of 589 nanometers.
The FEV1/FVC ratio, also called modified Tiffeneau-Pinelli index, [1] is a calculated ratio used in the diagnosis of obstructive and restrictive lung disease. [2] [3] It represents the proportion of a person's vital capacity that they are able to expire in the first second of forced expiration to the full, forced vital capacity (). [4]
These may also use other aspect ratios by cropping otherwise black bars at the top and bottom which result from cinema aspect ratios greater than 16∶9, such as 1.85 or 2.35 through 2.40 (dubbed "Cinemascope", "21∶9" etc.), while the standard horizontal resolution, e.g. 1920 pixels, is usually kept.
548 mm 2 area APS-H format for the high-end mirrorless SD Quattro H from Sigma (crop factor 1.35) 370 mm 2 area APS-C crop factor 1.5 format from Epson , Samsung NX, Konica Minolta . 286 mm 2 area Foveon X3 format used in Sigma SD-series DSLRs and DP-series mirrorless (crop factor 1.7).
The index ellipsoid is not to be confused with the index surface, whose radius vector (from the origin) in any direction is indeed the refractive index for propagation in that direction; for a birefringent medium, the index surface is the two-sheeted surface whose two radius vectors in any direction have lengths equal to the major and minor semiaxes of the diametral section of the index ...
The concept of high contrast grating took off with a report on a broadband high reflectivity reflector for surface-normal incident light (the ratio between the wavelength bandwidth with a reflectivity larger than 0.99 and the central wavelength is greater than 30%) in 2004 by Constance J. Chang-Hasnain et al., [1] [2] which was demonstrated experimentally in the same year. [3]