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HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to the neonate in three circumstances: across the placenta during pregnancy (in utero), at birth due to fetal contact with infected maternal genital secretions and blood, or postnatally through the breast milk. [8] This type of viral transmission is also known of as vertical transmission.
About 20% of COVID-19 cases that pass through the intensive care unit (ICU) have chronic neurologic symptoms (beyond loss of smell and taste). [1] Of the patients that had an MRI , 44% had findings upon MRI, such as a FLAIR signal (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal), leptomeningeal spaces and stroke.
The placenta does not block maternal IgG antibodies, which thereby may pass through the human placenta, providing immune protection to the fetus against infectious diseases. One model for the induction of tolerance during the very early stages of pregnancy is the eutherian fetoembryonic defense system (eu-FEDS) hypothesis. [ 10 ]
In an attempt to understand what influences memory formation and learning in the brain, a group of researchers at UCLA found that lowering the levels of CCR5 production enhanced both learning and ...
Children whose mothers had coronavirus infections during pregnancy were more likely to be diagnosed with neurodevelopmental problems, a study finds. Coronavirus infection during pregnancy linked ...
Concern has risen among parents after Texas officials reported that 85 infants had tested positive for COVID-19. But experts say babies are still unlikely to get seriously ill.
Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, can cause microcephaly and other brain defects in the child. [11] COVID-19 in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth with an odds ratio of approximately 2. [12] Hepatitis B may also be classified as a vertically transmitted infection. The hepatitis B virus is
Several explanations contributing to the milder COVID-19 symptoms experienced, in the acute phase, by children have been suggested, including: [16] [17] a lower expression of ACE-2 (the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 for cell entry) in the respiratory tract in younger children; viral interference (e.g. by other coronaviruses)