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Essential amino acid. An essential amino acid, or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized from scratch by the organism fast enough to supply its demand, and must therefore come from the diet. Of the 21 amino acids common to all life forms, the nine amino acids humans cannot synthesize are valine, isoleucine ...
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H 2 N) (HN)CN (H) (CH 2) 3 CH (NH 2)CO 2 H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO 2−) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation.
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) [2] is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins.It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH + 3 form when dissolved in water), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO − form when dissolved in water), and a side chain lysyl ((CH 2) 4 NH 2), classifying it as a basic, charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic ...
Amino acid. Structure of a typical L -alpha-amino acid in the "neutral" form. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. [1] Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. [2]
As such it is essential that these amino acids be supplied by the organism's diet. In case of humans there are 9 EAAs: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. [1] EAAs are provided in both animal and plant-based food. The EAAs in plants vary greatly due to the vast variation in the ...
Proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation. The word "proteinogenic" means "protein creating". Throughout known life, there are 22 genetically encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids, 20 in the standard genetic code and an additional 2 (selenocysteine and pyrrolysine) that can ...
These aromatic amino acids are the precursors of many secondary metabolites, all essential to a plant's biological functions, such as the hormones salicylate and auxin. This pathway contains enzymes that can be regulated by inhibitors, which can cease the production of chorismate, and ultimately the organism's biological functions.
A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having an aliphatic side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms). Among the proteinogenic amino acids, there are three BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. [1] Non-proteinogenic BCAAs include 2-aminoisobutyric acid and alloisoleucine.
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