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Osmotic concentration, formerly known as osmolarity, [1] is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per litre (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L). The osmolarity of a solution is usually expressed as Osm/L (pronounced "osmolar"), in the same way that the molarity of a solution is expressed as "M ...
Plasma osmolality measures the body's electrolyte–water balance. [1] There are several methods for arriving at this quantity through measurement or calculation. Osmolality and osmolarity are measures that are technically different, but functionally the same for normal use. Whereas osmolality (with an "l") is defined as the number of osmoles ...
Osmotic coefficient. An osmotic coefficient is a quantity which characterises the deviation of a solvent from ideal behaviour, referenced to Raoult's law. It can be also applied to solutes. Its definition depends on the ways of expressing chemical composition of mixtures. The osmotic coefficient based on molality m is defined by:
The freezing point depression osmometer is an osmometer that is used in determining a solution's osmotic concentration as its osmotically active aspects depress its freezing point. In the past, freezing point osmometry has been used to assess the osmotic strength of colloids and solutions. The osmometer uses the solution's freezing point ...
The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass. For most non- electrolytes dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is essentially 1. For most ionic compounds dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor ...
The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...
Vapor phase osmometry (VPO), also known as vapor-pressure osmometry, is an experimental technique for the determination of a polymer's number average molecular weight, M n. It works by taking advantage of the decrease in vapor pressure that occurs when solutes are added to pure solvent. This technique can be used for polymers with a molecular ...
Osm b = Body osmolarity before loss (almost equal to plasma osmolality of 275-299 milli-osmoles per kilogram [4]) TBW b = Total body water before loss (approximately 60% of body weight, or using tritiated water or deuterium) 2. The total amount of substance in the body after the loss is then estimated:
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