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Scots criminal law relies far more heavily on common law than in England and Wales. Scottish criminal law includes offences against the person of murder , culpable homicide , rape and assault , offences against property such as theft and malicious mischief, and public order offences including mobbing and breach of the peace .
Moorov v His Majesty's Advocate 1930 JC 68 is a Scots criminal and evidence law case that concerns admissibility of similar fact evidence. [1] The High Court of Justiciary established the Moorov doctrine [2] in its judgment, which is predominantly used in criminal prosecutions involving allegations of rape and sexual abuse.
The United Kingdom, judicially, consists of three jurisdictions: England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. [4] There are important differences among Scots law, English law and Northern Irish law in areas such as property law, criminal law, trust law, [8] inheritance law, evidence law and family law while there are greater similarities in areas of UK-wide interest such as commercial ...
The Police Investigations and Review Commissioner (PIRC) is the executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government responsible for investigating complaints by members of the public against Police Scotland; and the Scottish operations of the National Crime Agency, British Transport Police, Civil Nuclear Constabulary, Ministry of Defence Police, and HM Revenue and Customs.
The Treaty of Union between Scotland and England, which formed the Kingdom of Great Britain, required that the High Court of Justiciary "remain in all time coming, as it is now constituted by the laws of [the Kingdom of Scotland]." As a result, the Courts Act 1672 continues to be the original source of the court's authority to regulate.
Part 1 of the Act reforms the powers of the police in Scotland in relation to arrest and detention. [5] Previous common law powers of arrest and separate statutory powers of detention were replaced by section 1 of the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016, a single statutory power of arrest similar to section 24 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 in England and Wales.
(For treason in English law in 1708 and today, see High treason in the United Kingdom.) Since 1708 treason law in Scotland has generally remained the same as in England. However while the offence of counterfeiting the Seal of Scotland was removed from English treason law in 1861, [3] it is still treason in Scottish law. [4]
A sheriff court (Scottish Gaelic: Cùirt an t-Siorraim) is the principal local civil and criminal court in Scotland, with exclusive jurisdiction over all civil cases with a monetary value up to £100,000, and with the jurisdiction to hear any criminal case except treason, murder, and rape, which are in the exclusive jurisdiction of the High Court of Justiciary.