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In 1849, a white man lost a case against a black man who was accused of both being a slave and being in debt to the accuser. At the time, California was not under U.S. rule, and Mexican law, which prohibited slavery, was used in the case. This resulted in the legal precedent of the official non-acknowledgement of slavery in California.
She referred to the defeat of California’s Proposition 6, which aimed to remove the so-called “slavery loophole” — the clause that allows forced labor as punishment for a crime — from ...
However, slavery legally persisted in Delaware, [49] Kentucky, [50] and (to a very limited extent, due to a trade ban but continued gradual abolition) New Jersey, [51] [52] until the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery throughout the United States, except as punishment for a crime, on December 18, 1865 ...
Supporters argued that "Proposition 6 ends slavery in California and upholds human rights and dignity for everyone. It replaces carceral involuntary servitude with voluntary work programs, has bipartisan support, and aligns with national efforts to reform the 13th Amendment .
For the record: 12:39 p.m. Nov. 1, 2024: An earlier version of this article stated there were nearly 60,000 prisoners with jobs in California, based on incorrect data provided by prison officials ...
Though California banned slavery in its 1849 Constitution, the state had no laws that made it a crime to keep someone enslaved or require that they be freed, which allowed slavery to continue.
Federally, human trafficking is defined [6] as "the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery". The state of California defines a trafficker as "anyone who ...
The legacy of slavery and forced labor runs deep in the history of California, which is one of nine states that permit involuntary servitude as a form of criminal punishment.