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Historians have identified diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (first war of Indian independence). An uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was sparked by the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February 1857.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the company's army in the garrison town of Meerut , 40 miles (64 km ...
In Eastern India and across the country, Indigenous communities organised numerous uprising against the British and their fellow members, especially landlords and moneylenders. [10] [11] [12] One of the earliest of these on record was led by Binsu Manki around 1771 over the transfer of Jharkhand to the East India Company. [10]
Miners battled British Colonial forces against taxation policies of the Government. 1854–56: Peasant Rebel in Vietnam, led by Cao Ba Quat, against the Nguyễn dynasty. 1854–56: The Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856) in Guangdong (Canton), China. 1854–73: The Miao Rebellion in China. 1854–55: The Revolution of Ayutla in Mexico.
Some Indian writers also insist that none of the armed uprisings against the British in India, including the 1857 uprising, should be termed as a "war of independence" since they were neither national in nature nor motivated mainly by nationalist sentiment and in fact involved only a minority of people or soldiers. [11] [14]
The Revolutionary movement for Indian Independence was part of the Indian independence movement comprising the actions of violent underground revolutionary factions. Groups believing in armed revolution against the ruling British fall into this category, as opposed to the generally peaceful civil disobedience movement spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi.
The uprising in Muzaffarnagar was led by Khaitati Khan Pindari, the noted rebel of the Kandhla pargana. The failed expedition and the initial reverses of the British troops turned the rising into a vast upsurge of the several villages of the southwestern part of the tahsil. Khairati Khan even captured the fort of Budhana to the east of Kandhla.
1883: The Sentinelese tribal people of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean attacked the British. 1889: The mass agitation by the Munda against the British in Chota Nagpur. 1891: The Anglo-Manipuri war where the British conquered the kingdom of Manipur. [8] 1892: The Lushai people revolted against the British repeatedly.