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Bornholm disease, also known as epidemic pleurodynia, [1] is a condition characterized by myositis of the abdomen or chest caused by the Coxsackie B virus or other viruses. [2] The myositis manifests as an intermittent stabbing pain in the musculature that is seen primarily in children and young adults.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection caused by a group of enteroviruses. [10] It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell. [10] This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister, on the hands, feet and mouth and occasionally buttocks and groin.
Hand, foot and mouth disease is a childhood illness most commonly caused by infection by Coxsackie A virus or EV71. Encephalitis is rare manifestation of enterovirus infection; [49] when it occurs, the most frequent enterovirus found to be causing it is echovirus 9. Myocarditis is characterized by inflammation of the myocardium (cardiac muscle ...
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Coxsackieviruses are divided into group A and group B viruses based on early observations of their pathogenicity in neonatal mice. [1] Group A coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a flaccid paralysis (which was caused by generalized myositis) while group B coxsackieviruses were noted to cause a spastic paralysis (due to focal muscle injury and degeneration of neuronal tissue).
Coxsackie A virus is a subgroup of enterovirus A, which are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Its protective, icosahedral capsid has an external portion that contains sixty copies of viral proteins (VP1,-2,-3) and an internal portion surrounding the RNA genome containing sixty copies of VP4 viral proteins.
Coxsackie B is a group of six serotypes of coxsackievirus (CVB1-CVB6), a pathogenic enterovirus, that trigger illnesses ranging from a mild febrile rash to full-fledged pericarditis and myocarditis (coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy). [1] [2] The genome of Coxsackie B virus consists of approximately 7,400 base pairs. [3]
Echovirus 9 (also known as E-9, E.C.H.O. 9, and formerly Coxsackie A23 or A23 virus) [1] is a serotype of echovirus. When first discovered, it was labelled as a coxsackie A virus, A23. It was later discovered that A23 was an echovirus antigenically identical to the already-known echovirus 9. [2] Echovirus 9 is the most common enterovirus type. [3]