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Taxus baccata is a species of evergreen tree in the family Taxaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe, as well as Northwest Africa, northern Iran, and Southwest Asia. [4] It is the tree originally known as yew , though with other related trees becoming known, it may be referred to as common yew , [ 5 ] European yew ...
Taxus pedunculata (Siebold & Zucc.) C.Lawson C.Lawson Cephalotaxus harringtonii , commonly known as Korean plum yew , [ 2 ] Japanese plum-yew , [ 3 ] Harrington's cephalotaxus , [ 4 ] or cowtail pine , is a species of coniferous shrub or small tree in the family Taxaceae .
Trunk of the Florence Court Yew. The Florence Court Yew is the surviving specimen of the two original Irish yew (Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata') seedlings. As such, it is the oldest Irish yew alive and it is believed that almost all Irish yews worldwide descend from this specimen. [1]
Cephalotaxus species produce cephalotaxine, an alkaloid.Parry et al 1980 provides evidence that cephalotaxine is a phenylethylisoquinoline.However, they also find this genus to be unable to incorporate cinnamic acid into cephalotaxine, and incorporation of cinnamic acid is usually a step in phenylethylisoquinoline syntheses, throwing the phenylethylisoquinoline theory in to question.
[2] [3] The amount of taxine alkaloids depends on the species of yew, with Taxus baccata and Taxus cuspidata containing the most. [4] The major taxine alkaloids are taxine A and taxine B although there are at least 10 different alkaloids. [5] Until 1956, it was believed that all the taxine alkaloids were one single compound named taxine. [4]
They are many-branched, small trees and shrubs.The leaves are evergreen, spirally arranged, often twisted at the base to appear 2-ranked.They are linear to lanceolate, and have pale green or white stomatal bands on the undersides.
T. baccata appears throughout Europe and into western Asia. [2] T. cuspidata occurs over much of East Asia, in China, Japan, Korea, and Sakhalin. [13] Taxus brevifolia ranges in the United States from California to Montana and Alaska, [12] while Taxus canadensis appears in the northeastern United States and southeast Canada. [2]
Taxus baccata leaves contain approximately 5 mg of taxines per 1g of leaves. [9] The estimated (i.e. not by any means a fact) lethal dose (LD min) of Taxus baccata leaves is 3.0-6.5 mg/kg body weight for humans [16] There is currently no known antidotes for yew poisoning, but drugs such as atropine have been used to treat the symptoms. [17]
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