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In 1973 the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC) began research on Inuit land use and occupancy in the Arctic. Three years later in 1976, ITC proposed creating a Nunavut Territory and the federal Electoral Boundaries Commission recommended dividing the Northwest Territories into two electoral districts: the Western Arctic (now the Northwest Territories) and Nunatsiaq (now Nunavut).
Canada planned to submit their claim to a portion of the Arctic continental shelf in 2018. [21] In response to the Russian Arktika 2007 expedition, Canada's Foreign Affairs Minister, Peter MacKay, said "[t]his is posturing. This is the true North, strong and free, and they're fooling themselves if they think dropping a flag on the ocean floor ...
Canada and the United States have one land dispute over Machias Seal Island (off the coast of Maine), and four other maritime disputes in the Arctic and Pacific. The two countries share the longest international border in the world and have a long history of disputes about the border's demarcation (see Canada–United States border). [1]
Bathymetric features of the Arctic Ocean. Canada has had historic difficulty supporting its Arctic claims of sovereignty due to the sparsity of population, remoteness, and difficulty in effectively demonstrating administrative capacity. Most challenges to Canada's arctic sovereignty have historically come from the United States. [32]
The northernmost cluster of islands, including Ellesmere Island, is known as the Queen Elizabeth Islands and was formerly the Parry Islands. The archipelago consists of 36,563 islands, of which 94 are classified as major islands, being larger than 130 km 2 (50 sq mi), and cover a total area of 1,400,000 km 2 (540,000 sq mi). [ 13 ]
At that point, the Norwegian government raised the claim, primarily to use the islands as bargaining chips in negotiations with the United Kingdom over the status of two other islands: the Jan Mayen in the Arctic and Bouvet Island in the Antarctic. On 11 November 1930, Norway recognized Canadian sovereignty over the Sverdrup Islands. [2]
Melville Island [1] (French: île Melville [citation needed]; Inuktitut: ᐃᓗᓪᓕᖅ, Ilulliq [citation needed]) is an uninhabited member of the Queen Elizabeth Islands of the Arctic Archipelago. With an area of 42,149 km 2 (16,274 sq mi), it is the 33rd largest island in the world and Canada's eighth largest island .
Cambridge Bay is the largest stop for passenger and research vessels traversing the Arctic Ocean's Northwest Passage, [12] a disputed area which the Government of Canada claims are Canadian Internal Waters, while other nations state they are either territorial waters or international waters. [13] [14]