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Minimal change disease (MCD), also known as lipoid nephrosis or nil disease, among others, is a disease affecting the kidneys which causes nephrotic syndrome. [1] Nephrotic syndrome leads to the loss of significant amounts of protein to the urine (proteinuria), which causes the widespread edema (soft tissue swelling) and impaired kidney function commonly experienced by those affected by the ...
The median age of patients with MIDD is between 56 and 64 years old, and men make up two thirds of MIDD patients. [10] Around 50% of patients with MIDD have multiple myeloma. [3] MIDD is a rare disease, with incidence estimated at 1 person per million per year in Western countries. [9]
The optimal treatment in MGRS is a clone directed therapy; where treatment is directed specifically to the cell line responsible for the pathologic monoclonal immunoglobulin or M-protein. [3] The goal of therapy is to preserve kidney function, reduce the risk of MGRS recurrence after kidney transplant and maintain a sustained hematologic response.
It is a promising treatment of renal diseases with proteinuria, in particular patients with resistance or partial response to rituximab. [10] A single low-dose infusion of Obinutuzumab, found to be effective and safe in inducing prolonged remission in children with steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome.
Nephrotic syndrome can affect any age, although it is mainly found in adults with a ratio of adults to children of 26 to 1. [ 62 ] The syndrome presents in different ways in the two groups: the most frequent glomerulopathy in children is minimal change disease (66% of cases), followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (8%) and ...
Glomerulonephrosis is a non-inflammatory disease of the kidney presenting primarily in the glomerulus (a glomerulopathy) as nephrotic syndrome. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and it contains the glomerulus, which acts as a filter for blood to retain proteins and blood lipids. Damage to these filtration units results in ...
Similar to other causes of nephrotic syndrome (e.g., focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease), membranous nephropathy is known to predispose affected individuals to develop blood clots such as pulmonary emboli. Membranous nephropathy in particular is known to increase this risk more than other causes of nephrotic syndrome ...
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome of the kidney that is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function, [4] [5] (usually a 50% decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) within 3 months) [5] with glomerular crescent formation seen in at least 50% [5] or 75% [4] of glomeruli seen on kidney biopsies.