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The first routine measurements of river flow in England began on the Thames and Lea in the 1880s, [2] and in Scotland on the River Garry in 1913. [3] The national gauging station network was established in its current form by the early 1970s and consists of approximately 1500 flow measurement stations supplemented by a variable number of temporary monitoring sites. [2]
SHRIMP II at Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Australia. The sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (also sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe or SHRIMP) is a large-diameter, double-focusing secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) sector instrument that was produced by Australian Scientific Instruments in Canberra, Australia and now has been taken ...
Isotope geochemistry is an aspect of geology based upon the study of natural variations in the relative abundances of isotopes of various elements.Variations in isotopic abundance are measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and can reveal information about the ages and origins of rock, air or water bodies, or processes of mixing between them.
Discharge regime, [1] flow regime, or hydrological regime (commonly termed river regime, but that term is also used for other measurements) is the long-term pattern of annual changes to a stream's discharge at a particular point. Hence, it shows how the discharge of a stream at that point is expected to change over the year. [2]
Critical unit stream power is the amount of stream power needed to displace a grain of a specific size, it is given by the equation: ω 0 = τ 0 ν 0 {\displaystyle \omega _{0}=\tau _{0}\nu _{0}} where τ 0 is the critical shear stress of the grain size that will be moved which can be found in the literature or experimentally determined while v ...
To implement TMDLs with point sources, wasteload allocations are incorporated into discharge permits for these sources. [13] The permits are issued by EPA or delegated state agencies under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System . Nonpoint source discharges (e.g. agriculture) are generally in a voluntary compliance scenario.
Many springs are known to exist offshore in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean, however the magnitude of discharge from these springs is largely unknown. Crescent Beach spring, located approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) offshore of Crescent Beach, Florida, was estimated to flow at a rate of up to 1,500 cu ft/s (42 m 3 /s), or 970 million US ...
Traditionally, permissible average overtopping discharge has been utilised as a standard for designing coastal structures. It is necessary to restrict the average overtopping discharge to guarantee both the structural integrity of the structure, as well as the protection of individuals, vehicles, and properties situated behind it.