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The insulin transduction pathway is a biochemical pathway by which insulin increases the uptake of glucose into fat and muscle cells and reduces the synthesis of glucose in the liver and hence is involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. This pathway is also influenced by fed versus fasting states, stress levels, and a variety of other ...
The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase. [5] Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis; a functional process that under degenerate conditions may result in a range of clinical manifestations including diabetes and cancer.
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS1 gene. [5] It is a 180 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues. [ 6 ] It contains a single pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-terminus and a PTB domain ca. 40 residues downstream of this, followed by a poorly conserved C ...
The insulin signal transduction pathway begins when insulin binds to the insulin receptor proteins. Once the transduction pathway is completed, the GLUT-4 storage vesicles becomes one with the cellular membrane. As a result, the GLUT-4 protein channels become embedded into the membrane, allowing glucose to be transported into the cell.
A single protein (monomer) of human insulin is composed of 51 amino acids, and has a molecular mass of 5808 Da. The molecular formula of human insulin is C 257 H 383 N 65 O 77 S 6. [45] It is a combination of two peptide chains named an A-chain and a B-chain, which are linked together by two disulfide bonds. The A-chain is composed of 21 amino ...
5106 74551 Ensembl ENSG00000100889 ENSG00000285241 ENSMUSG00000040618 UniProt Q16822 Q8BH04 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001018073 NM_001291556 NM_001308054 NM_004563 NM_028994 RefSeq (protein) NP_001018083 NP_001278485 NP_001294983 NP_004554 NP_083270 Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 24.09 – 24.11 Mb Chr 14: 55.78 – 55.79 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Phosphoenolpyruvate ...
The amount of glucokinase can be increased by synthesis of new protein. Insulin is the principal signal for increased transcription, operating mainly by way of a transcription factor called sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) in the liver. This occurs within an hour after a rise in insulin levels, as after a carbohydrate meal.
15277 Ensembl ENSG00000159399 ENSMUSG00000000628 UniProt P52789 O08528 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000189 NM_001371525 NM_013820 RefSeq (protein) NP_000180 NP_001358454 NP_038848 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 74.83 – 74.89 Mb Chr 6: 82.7 – 82.75 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Hexokinase II, also known as Hexokinase B and HK2, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the HK2 gene ...