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The French nobility (French: la noblesse française) was an aristocratic social class in France from the Middle Ages until its abolition on 23 June 1790 during the French Revolution. From 1808 [ 1 ] to 1815 during the First Empire the Emperor Napoléon bestowed titles [ 2 ] that were recognized as a new nobility by the Charter of 4 June 1814 ...
A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution. Harvard University Press. pp. 107–114. Herbert, Sydney (1921). The Fall of Feudalism in France. OL 13505996M. Hobsbawm, Eric (1962). The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848. New American Library. ISBN 978-0-4516-2720-9. OL 24389053M. Lefebvre, Georges (1962–1964). French Revolution. Columbia.
The Second Estate (deuxieme état) was the French nobility and (technically, though not in common use) royalty, other than the monarch himself, who stood outside of the system of estates. The Second Estate is traditionally divided into noblesse d'épée ("nobility of the sword"), and noblesse de robe ("nobility of the robe"), the magisterial ...
The Ancien Régime [a] also known as the Old Regime, was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (c. 1500) until 1789 and the French Revolution [7] which abolished the feudal system of the French nobility (1790) [8] and hereditary monarchy (1792). [9]
' old rule ') was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France that the French Revolution overturned [1] through its abolition in 1790 of the feudal system of the French nobility [2] and in 1792 through its execution of the king and declaration of a republic. [3] "Ancien régime" is now a common metaphor for "a system or mode no ...
Following industrialization and the French Revolution altered the social structure of France and the bourgeoisie became the new ruling class. The feudal nobility was on the decline with agricultural and land yields decreasing, and arranged marriages between noble and bourgeois family became increasingly common, fusing the two social classes together during the 19th century.
The title of duke, abolished during the French Revolution, was reestablished in 1806. Several dukes were created under the Empire and under the governments that followed. Under the Ancien régime, from the 16th century onwards, the title of Monsieur le Duc was used to designate the eldest son of the Prince of Condé.
In France under the Ancien Régime, the Estates General (French: États généraux [eta ʒeneʁo]) or States-General was a legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes (or estates) of French subjects. It had a separate assembly for each of the three estates (clergy, nobility and commoners), which were called and dismissed by ...