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Aggravated assault includes assault with further specific intent, [27] assault causing particular injuries (actual bodily harm, [28] and grievous bodily harm, [29] assault with offensive weapons or dangerous substances [30] ("offensive weapon or instrument" is defined in s 4 of the Crimes Act [8]) and assaults on victims of special status, [31 ...
The common law offence of assault occasioning actual bodily harm was abolished, [10] and section 47 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 was repealed, [11] on a date three months after 19 May 1997. [12] The modern offences of assault, assault causing harm, and causing serious harm were created by that Act. [13]
Assault occasioning actual bodily harm (and derivative offences) Inflicting grievous bodily harm or causing grievous bodily harm with intent (and derivative offences) [2] These crimes are usually grouped together in common law countries as a legacy of the Offences against the Person Act 1861.
In some states, the elements of many crimes are defined mostly or entirely by common law, i.e., by prior judicial decisions. For instance, Michigan's penal code does not define the crime of murder: while the penalties for murder are laid out in statute, the actual elements of murder, and their meaning, is entirely set out in case law. [9] [10] [11]
An assault which is aggravated by the scale of the injuries inflicted may be charged as offences causing "actual bodily harm" (ABH) or, in the severest cases, "grievous bodily harm" (GBH). Assault occasioning actual bodily harm This offence is created by section 47 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 100).
They were convicted of a count of unlawful and malicious wounding and a count of assault occasioning actual bodily harm (contrary to sections 20 and 47 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861). The key issue facing the Court was whether consent was a valid defence to assault in these circumstances, to which the Court answered in the negative.
R v Savage; R v Parmenter [1991] [1] were conjoined final domestic appeals in English criminal law confirming that the mens rea (level and type of guilty intent) of malicious wounding or the heavily twinned statutory offence of inflicting grievous bodily harm will in all but very exceptional cases include that for the lesser offence of assault occasioning actual bodily harm.
This includes assault occasioning actual bodily harm, where the victim suffers injuries such as bruising or skin abrasions (the converse being an injury that is "transient and trifling"); wounding (a piercing of all layers of the skin); and causing grievous bodily harm (injuries more serious than in actual bodily harm, for example broken bones).