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In optics, the Hagen–Rubens relation (or Hagen–Rubens formula) is a relation between the coefficient of reflection and the conductivity for materials that are good conductors. [1] The relation states that for solids where the contribution of the dielectric constant to the index of refraction is negligible, the reflection coefficient can be ...
Fig. 1: Underwater plants in a fish tank, and their inverted images (top) formed by total internal reflection in the water–air surface. In physics, total internal reflection (TIR) is the phenomenon in which waves arriving at the interface (boundary) from one medium to another (e.g., from water to air) are not refracted into the second ("external") medium, but completely reflected back into ...
Fresnel equations calculator; FreeSnell – Free software computes the optical properties of multilayer materials. Thinfilm – Web interface for calculating optical properties of thin films and multilayer materials (reflection & transmission coefficients, ellipsometric parameters Psi & Delta).
When reflection occurs from thin layers of material, internal reflection effects can cause the reflectance to vary with surface thickness. Reflectivity is the limit value of reflectance as the sample becomes thick; it is the intrinsic reflectance of the surface, hence irrespective of other parameters such as the reflectance of the rear surface.
In telecommunications and transmission line theory, the reflection coefficient is the ratio of the complex amplitude of the reflected wave to that of the incident wave. The voltage and current at any point along a transmission line can always be resolved into forward and reflected traveling waves given a specified reference impedance Z 0.
— An online conversion tool between SWR, return loss and reflection coefficient "Online VSWR Calculator". emtalk.com. "VSWR tutorial". electronics-notes.com. antennas & propagation. — Series of pages dealing with all aspects of VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss, practical aspects, measurement, etc.
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The overall reflection of a layer structure is the sum of an infinite number of reflections. The transfer-matrix method is based on the fact that, according to Maxwell's equations , there are simple continuity conditions for the electric field across boundaries from one medium to the next.