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The monarchy of Australia is a key component of Australia's form of government, by which a hereditary monarch serves as the country's sovereign and head of state. [1] It is a constitutional monarchy, modelled on the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy, while incorporating features unique to the constitution of Australia.
The monarchs of Australia are the same as those of the United Kingdom. The sovereigns reigned over Australia as monarchs of the United Kingdom until 1942 (by a legal fiction, from 1939). From that year they reigned as sovereigns in right of Australia, though the first to be accorded an Australian title, Queen of Australia, was Elizabeth II, in ...
The Monarchs of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms inherit the throne by virtue of descent from Sophia of Hanover, according to the Act of Settlement 1701. Sophia was the granddaughter of James VI and I who inherited and held in union the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland (Union of the Crowns) in 1603.
In 1973 Australia removed reference to the United Kingdom, [68] [69] followed by New Zealand the next year. [ 70 ] [ 71 ] By the time of Elizabeth's death in 2022, aside from the United Kingdom itself, only Canada retained mention of the United Kingdom in the monarch's title and only Canada and New Zealand retained a reference to the monarch as ...
The Australia Acts severed the remaining constitutional ties between Australia and the United Kingdom while maintaining the monarch in her independent capacity as Queen of Australia. [ 161 ] [ 162 ] In a 1999 constitutional referendum , 55% of voters rejected abolishing the monarchy and becoming a republic.
Following the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, Australia and the UK opened negotiations on signing a bilateral free trade agreement. The Australia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement was signed on 17 December 2021. [3] [14] It was the first free trade agreement signed completely anew since Brexit. [15]
Kingdom of England (927–1707; united with Kingdom of Scotland to become Kingdom of Great Britain) Magh Luirg (c. 956 – c. 1585) Kingdom of Sweden (970–1866; became constitutional monarchy) Ma-i (Before AD 971-1339) Sultanate of Egypt (972–1517; became subnational monarchy of the Ottoman Empire) Kingdom of Castile (1037–1230; became ...
In her capacity as Queen of the United Kingdom (including the British overseas territories), she was also monarch of three Crown Dependencies— the Channel Islands of Guernsey and Jersey (as the Duke of Normandy), and the Isle of Man (as the Lord of Mann).