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In the time of the Man'yōshū (compiled after 759 AD), the term "tanka" was used to distinguish "short poems" from the longer chōka (長歌, "long poems").In the ninth and tenth centuries, however, notably with the compilation of the Kokin Wakashū, the short poem became the dominant form of poetry in Japan, and the originally general word waka (和歌, "Japanese poem") became the standard ...
A poetry card from the card game version of the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu, a compilation of tanka. Tanka (短歌, "short poem") is a genre of classical Japanese poetry and one of the major genres of Japanese literature. [1] [2] [3]
English poetry is not very popular except among students of English literature in the universities, although Wordsworth, Shelley, and Browning inspired many of the Japanese poets in the quickening period of modern Japanese poetry freeing themselves from the traditional tanka form into a free verse style only half a century ago (Sugiyama, 256).
Up to and during the compilation of the Man'yōshū in the eighth century, the word waka was a general term for poetry composed in Japanese, and included several genres such as tanka (短歌, "short poem"), chōka (長歌, "long poem"), bussokusekika (仏足石歌, "Buddha footprint poem") and sedōka (旋頭歌, "repeating-the-first-part poem").
The Ogura Hyakunin Isshu has been translated into many languages and into English many times. English translations include: F. V. Dickins, Hyaku-Nin-Isshu, or Stanzas by a Century of Poets (1866) Clay MacCauley, Hyakunin-isshu (Single Songs of a Hundred Poets), TASJ, 27(4), 1–152 (1899) Yone Noguchi, Hyaku Nin Isshu in English (1907) [11]
Half of my youth I watched the soldiers And saw mechanic clerk and cook Subsumed beneath a uniform. Gray black and khaki was their look Whose tool and instrument was death.
Man'yōshū: the oldest anthology in Japanese, c.785, 20 manuscript scrolls, 4,516 poems (when the tanka envoys to the various chōka are numbered as separate poems), Ōtomo no Yakamochi was probably the last to edit the Man'yōshū.
This is a list of kigo, which are words or phrases that are associated with a particular season in Japanese poetry.They provide an economy of expression that is especially valuable in the very short haiku, as well as the longer linked-verse forms renku and renga, to indicate the season referenced in the poem or stanza.