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Note the Q5 and Q6 emitters coupled to the output. In electronics, emitter-coupled logic ( ECL ) is a high-speed integrated circuit bipolar transistor logic family . ECL uses an overdriven bipolar junction transistor (BJT) differential amplifier with single-ended input and limited emitter current to avoid the saturated (fully on) region of ...
The transistor continuously monitors V diff and adjusts its emitter voltage to equal V in minus the mostly constant V BE (approximately one diode forward voltage drop) by passing the collector current through the emitter resistor R E. As a result, the output voltage follows the input voltage variations from V BE up to V +; hence the name ...
A typical example of the use of a common-emitter amplifier is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Single-ended npn common-emitter amplifier with emitter degeneration. The AC-coupled circuit acts as a level-shifter amplifier. Here, the base–emitter voltage drop is assumed to be 0.65 volts.
Collector current and emitter current are related by I c = α I e with α ≈ 1, so the increase in emitter current with temperature is opposed, and the operating point is kept stable. Similarly, if the transistor is replaced by another, there may be a change in I c (corresponding to change in β-value, for example). By similar process as above ...
A Jablonski diagram describing the mechanism of triplet-triplet annihilation. The energy of the first triplet excited state (T 1) is transferred to a second triplet excited state (T 1), resulting in (1) the first T 1 returning to the singlet ground state S0 and (2) the second T 1 promoting to the singlet excited state (S 1).
For an NPN open emitter output, the collector is connected to the positive voltage rail, so the emitter outputs a high voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off. For a PNP open emitter output, the collector is connected to the low voltage supply, so the emitter outputs a low voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off.
GOP lawmakers are framing the IRS's free direct tax-filing system as an example of the "weaponization of government against Americans." Oleg Nikishin/Getty Images
The schematic diagram symbol for a unijunction transistor represents the emitter lead with an arrow, showing the direction of conventional current when the emitter-base junction is conducting a current. A complementary UJT uses a p-type base and an n-type emitter, and operates the same as the n-type base device but with all voltage polarities ...