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Safflower and olive oil have one of the highest levels of oleic acid among dietary fats. Oleic acid is used as a component in many foods, in the form of its triglycerides. It is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Oleic acid as its sodium salt is a major component of soap as an emulsifying agent.
Animal fats typically have unsaturated fatty acid residues on carbon atoms 1 and 3. Extreme examples of non-random fats are cocoa butter (mentioned above) and lard, which contains about 20% triglyceride with palmitic acid on carbon 2 and oleic acid on carbons 1 and 3. [4] An early step in the biosynthesis is the formation of the glycerol-1 ...
Palmitoleic acid has 16 carbons, is found in cod liver oil, sardine oil, and herring oil, and is a cis-9-monounsaturated fatty acid. C 15 H 29 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name ( Z )-hexadec-9-enoic acid, n-7, numerical representation of 16:1, molecular weight 254.41, melting point 5 °C, specific gravity 0.894.
With the increase in non-alcoholics with fatty liver, however, we have a new name: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. An estimated 24 percent of U.S. adults have this disorder.
Elaidic acid is the main trans unsaturated fatty acid often found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. [44] Oleic acid is a cis unsaturated fatty acid making up 55–80% of olive oil. [45] Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid found in animal fats and is the intended product in full hydrogenation.
Example of an unsaturated fat triglyceride. Left part: glycerol, right part from top to bottom: palmitic acid, oleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid. Chemical formula: C 55 H 98 O 6. Fatty acids, stored as triglycerides in an organism, are a concentrated source of energy because they contain little oxygen and are anhydrous.
For example, in humans, the desaturation of stearic acid by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 produces oleic acid. The doubly unsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid as well as the triply unsaturated α-linolenic acid cannot be synthesized in mammalian tissues, and are therefore essential fatty acids and must be obtained from the diet. [2]: 643
The most commonly researched fatty acid biosynthetic pathways are n−3 and n−6. Lipid numbers 18:3 18:3n3 18:3, cis,cis,cis-Δ 9,Δ 12,Δ 15 18:3(9,12,15) Lipid numbers take the form C:D, [a] where C is the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid and D is the number of double bonds in the fatty acid.
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