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l-DOPA, also known as l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and used medically as levodopa, is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants [2] and animals, including humans. Humans, as well as a portion of the other animals that utilize l -DOPA, make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid l -tyrosine .
The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is a system to differentiate drugs on the basis of their solubility and permeability. [1]This system restricts the prediction using the parameters solubility and intestinal permeability.
Abbrev. [1]Meaning [1] Latin (or Neo-Latin) origin [1]; a.c. before meals: ante cibum a.d., ad, AD right ear auris dextra a.m., am, AM morning: ante meridiem: nocte ...
The biological half-life of water in a human is about 7 to 14 days. It can be altered by behavior. Drinking large amounts of alcohol will reduce the biological half-life of water in the body.
A biosimilar (also known as follow-on biologic or subsequent entry biologic) is a biologic medical product that is almost an identical copy of an original product that is manufactured by a different company. [1]
A biopharmaceutical, also known as a biological medical product, [1] or biologic, is any pharmaceutical drug product manufactured in, extracted from, or semisynthesized from biological sources.
Agonist vs. antagonist. In pharmacology the term agonist-antagonist or mixed agonist/antagonist is used to refer to a drug which under some conditions behaves as an agonist (a substance that fully activates the receptor that it binds to) while under other conditions, behaves as an antagonist (a substance that binds to a receptor but does not activate and can block the activity of other agonists).
An excipient is a substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication.They may be used to enhance the active ingredient’s therapeutic properties; to facilitate drug absorption; to reduce viscosity; to enhance solubility; to improve long-term stabilization (preventing denaturation and aggregation during the expected shelf life); or to add bulk to solid formulations that have ...