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The ITU-T G.hn standard also uses CRC-32C to detect errors in the payload (although it uses CRC-16-CCITT for PHY headers). CRC-32C computation is implemented in hardware as an operation ( CRC32 ) of SSE4.2 instruction set, first introduced in Intel processors' Nehalem microarchitecture.
little_endian_table[0] := 0 crc := 1; i := 128 do { if crc and 1 { crc := (crc rightShift 1) xor 0x8408 // The CRC polynomial} else { crc := crc rightShift 1 } // crc is the value of little_endian_table[i]; let j iterate over the already-initialized entries for j from 0 to 255 by 2 × i { little_endian_table[i + j] := crc xor little_endian ...
These inversions are extremely common but not universally performed, even in the case of the CRC-32 or CRC-16-CCITT polynomials. They are almost always included when sending variable-length messages, but often omitted when communicating fixed-length messages, as the problem of added zero bits is less likely to arise.
Special hardware assists in the calculation of a cyclic redundancy check for detection of transmission errors. Both CRC-16 CCITT and CRC-16 IBM are supported. Assuming the running value is maintained in storage, the execution time to accumulate one more byte is five storage cycles (three instructions). Rapid context switching was a design ...
The frame check sequence (FCS) is a 16-bit CRC-CCITT or a 32-bit CRC-32 computed over the Address, Control, and Information fields. It provides a means by which the receiver can detect errors that may have been induced during the transmission of the frame, such as lost bits, flipped bits, and extraneous bits.
A CRC has properties that make it well suited for detecting burst errors. CRCs are particularly easy to implement in hardware and are therefore commonly used in computer networks and storage devices such as hard disk drives. The parity bit can be seen as a special-case 1-bit CRC.
cksum is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or standard input if no arguments are provided, and outputs the file's 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count. [1]
These instructions are also available in 32-bit mode, in which they operate on 32-bit registers (eax, ebx, etc.) and values instead of their 16-bit (ax, bx, etc.) counterparts. The updated instruction set is grouped according to architecture ( i186 , i286 , i386 , i486 , i586 / i686 ) and is referred to as (32-bit) x86 and (64-bit) x86-64 (also ...