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Among this constellation of elements, enhancers and their associated transcription factors have a leading role in the regulation of gene expression. [31] An enhancer localized in a DNA region distant from the promoter of a gene can have a very large effect on gene expression, with some genes undergoing up to 100-fold increased expression due to ...
Cis-regulatory DNA sequences that are located in DNA regions distant from the promoters of genes can have very large effects on gene expression, with some genes undergoing up to 100-fold increased expression due to such a cis-regulatory sequence. [3] These cis-regulatory sequences include enhancers, silencers, insulators and tethering elements. [4]
Enhancers function as a "turn on" switch in gene expression and will activate the promoter region of a particular gene while silencers act as the "turn off" switch. Though these two regulatory elements work against each other, both sequence types affect the promoter region in very similar ways. [4]
Cis-regulatory DNA sequences that are located in DNA regions distant from the promoters of genes can have very large effects on gene expression, with some genes undergoing up to 100-fold increased expression due to such a cis-regulatory sequence. [36] These cis-regulatory sequences include enhancers, silencers, insulators and tethering elements ...
Enhancers and their associated transcription factors have a leading role in the regulation of gene expression. [68] Enhancers are genome regions that regulate genes. Enhancers control cell-type-specific gene expression programs, most often by looping through long distances to come in physical proximity with the promoters of their target genes. [69]
Cis-regulatory modules can be divided into three classes; enhancers, which regulate gene expression positively; [1] insulators, which work indirectly by interacting with other nearby cis-regulatory modules; and [1] silencers that turn off expression of genes. [1]
Primary enhancers drive gene expression, while shadow enhancers work together to ensure stable gene expression and minimize variability. [10] [11] This ensures that even with mutation or damage to the primary enhancer, shadow enhancers can compensate for this and ensure proper gene expression patterns. [12]
As a result, the enhanceosome also recruits non histone architectural transcription factors, called high-mobility group (HMG) proteins, which are responsible for regulating chromatin structure. [3] These factors do not bind to the enhancer, but instead are used to restructure the DNA to ensure that the genes can be accessed by the transcription ...