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If-then-else flow diagram A nested if–then–else flow diagram. In computer science, conditionals (that is, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs) are programming language constructs that perform different computations or actions or return different values depending on the value of a Boolean expression, called a condition.
The dangling else is a problem in programming of parser generators in which an optional else clause in an if–then(–else) statement results in nested conditionals being ambiguous. Formally, the reference context-free grammar of the language is ambiguous , meaning there is more than one correct parse tree .
The detailed semantics of "the" ternary operator as well as its syntax differs significantly from language to language. A top level distinction from one language to another is whether the expressions permit side effects (as in most procedural languages) and whether the language provides short-circuit evaluation semantics, whereby only the selected expression is evaluated (most standard ...
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Flowchart illustrating the use of else if. The conditional expression is condition, and if it is true, then code block 1 is executed, otherwise code block 2 is executed. It is also possible to combine multiple conditions with the else-if construct: if condition 1 then code block 1 else if condition 2 then code block 2 else code block 3 end
Alternatives to multilevel breaks include single breaks, together with a state variable which is tested to break out another level; exceptions, which are caught at the level being broken out to; placing the nested loops in a function and using return to effect termination of the entire nested loop; or using a label and a goto statement.
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Two nested single-condition IFs, or one IF with two conditions, would produce a complexity of 3. Another way to define the cyclomatic complexity of a program is to look at its control-flow graph , a directed graph containing the basic blocks of the program, with an edge between two basic blocks if control may pass from the first to the second.