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Another quotation from Tillich is, "God does not exist. He is being itself beyond essence and existence. Therefore to argue that God exists is to deny him." [10] This Tillich quotation summarizes his conception of God. He does not think of God as a being that exists in time and space, because that constrains God, and makes God finite.
The Principle of Religion", Burke wrote, "is that God attends to our actions to reward and punish them". [5] According to Burke, religion is ultimately something mysterious. [6] It cannot exist without a personal God who places responsibilities on his creation. [7] Burke claimed that "Moral Duties are included in Religion, and enforced by it". [8]
They claim that, for this moral order to exist, God must exist to support it. The argument from morality is noteworthy in that one cannot evaluate the soundness of the argument without attending to almost every important philosophical issue in meta-ethics. German philosopher Immanuel Kant devised an argument from morality based on practical reason.
No morality without God: If all morality is a matter of God's will, then if God does not exist, there is no morality. This is the thought captured in the slogan (often attributed to Dostoevsky) "If God does not exist, everything is permitted." Divine command theorists disagree over whether this is a problem for their view or a virtue of their view.
Ecumenical interpretations of the wager [34] argues that it could even be suggested that believing in a generic God, or a god by the wrong name, is acceptable so long as that conception of God has similar essential characteristics of the conception of God considered in Pascal's wager (perhaps the God of Aristotle). Proponents of this line of ...
Ian Barbour, Religion and Science, SCM: 1998 (ISBN 0-334-02721-7). Caroline Franks Davis, The Evidential Force of Religious Experience , OUP: 2004 ( ISBN 0-19-825001-0 ). Richard Dawkins , The God Delusion , Bantam Book: 2006 ( ISBN 0-618-68000-4 ) (although not identified explicitly, the argument from religious experience is dismissed).
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 18 December 2024. Philosophical question Part of a series on Theism Types of faith Agnosticism Apatheism Atheism Classical theism Deism Henotheism Ietsism Ignosticism Monotheism Monism Dualism Monolatry Kathenotheism Omnism Pandeism Panentheism Pantheism Polytheism Transtheism Specific conceptions ...
According to Stephen Gaukroger: "It was generally assumed in the 17th century that religion provided the unique basis for morality, and that without religion, there could be no morality." [18] This view slowly shifted over time. In 1690, Pierre Bayle asserted that religion "is neither necessary nor sufficient for morality". [18]