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  2. Nontheistic religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nontheistic_religion

    Another quotation from Tillich is, "God does not exist. He is being itself beyond essence and existence. Therefore to argue that God exists is to deny him." [10] This Tillich quotation summarizes his conception of God. He does not think of God as a being that exists in time and space, because that constrains God, and makes God finite.

  3. Problem of Hell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_Hell

    Framed this way, the suffering of Hell is caused by free will and something God could not have prevented; or worse still is caused by the lack of free will, as God's omniscience—His knowing/determining all that will ever happen in His creation, including human acts of good and evil—makes free will impossible and souls predestined, but God ...

  4. Criticism of religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_religion

    According to Karl Marx, the father of "scientific socialism", religion is a tool used by the ruling classes whereby the masses can shortly relieve their suffering via the act of experiencing religious emotions. It is in the interest of the ruling classes to instill in the masses the religious conviction that their current suffering will lead to ...

  5. Pascal's wager - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_wager

    Ecumenical interpretations of the wager [34] argues that it could even be suggested that believing in a generic God, or a god by the wrong name, is acceptable so long as that conception of God has similar essential characteristics of the conception of God considered in Pascal's wager (perhaps the God of Aristotle). Proponents of this line of ...

  6. Euthyphro dilemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyphro_dilemma

    No morality without God: If all morality is a matter of God's will, then if God does not exist, there is no morality. This is the thought captured in the slogan (often attributed to Dostoevsky) "If God does not exist, everything is permitted." Divine command theorists disagree over whether this is a problem for their view or a virtue of their view.

  7. Problem of the creator of God - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_the_creator_of_God

    In philosophy, the problem of the creator of God is the controversy regarding the hypothetical cause responsible for the existence of God, on the assumption God exists. It contests the proposition that the universe cannot exist without a creator by asserting that the creator of the Universe must have the same restrictions.

  8. Atheism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism

    Writers disagree on how best to define and classify atheism, [8] contesting what supernatural entities are considered gods, whether atheism is a philosophical position or merely the absence of one, and whether it requires a conscious, explicit rejection; however, the norm is to define atheism in terms of an explicit stance against theism.

  9. Morality and religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality_and_religion

    [5] In the views of some, morality and religion can overlap. [6] One definition sees morality as an active process which is, "at the very least, the effort to guide one's conduct by reason , that is, doing what there are the best reasons for doing, while giving equal consideration to the interests of all those affected by what one does."