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Drainage density relates to the storage and runoff terms. Drainage density relates to the efficiency by which water is carried over the landscape. Water is carried through channels much faster than over hillslopes, as saturated overland flow is slower due to being thinned out and obstructed by vegetation or pores in the ground. [7]
The maximum rate at that water can enter soil in a given condition is the infiltration capacity. If the arrival of the water at the soil surface is less than the infiltration capacity, it is sometimes analyzed using hydrology transport models , mathematical models that consider infiltration, runoff, and channel flow to predict river flow rates ...
Pores (the spaces that exist between soil particles) provide for the passage and/or retention of gasses and moisture within the soil profile.The soil's ability to retain water is strongly related to particle size; water molecules hold more tightly to the fine particles of a clay soil than to coarser particles of a sandy soil, so clays generally retain more water. [2]
The soil bulk density of cultivated loam is about 1.1 to 1.4 g/cm 3 (for comparison water is 1.0 g/cm 3). [48] Contrary to particle density, soil bulk density is highly variable for a given soil, with a strong causal relationship with soil biological activity and management strategies. [49]
The effect is substantial when the density ratio is large (e.g., in the natural debris flow). If the flow is neutrally buoyant, i.e., =, (see, e.g., Bagnold, [14] 1954) the debris mass is fluidized and moves longer travel distances. This can happen in highly viscous natural debris flows. [15]
The notions of time, uplift, slope and drainage density evolution in the erosion cycle have been criticized. [21] Further the validity of some whole concepts associated with the cycle of erosion have been questioned including stream grade, [21] slope decline, [D] base level [21] and most of all that of peneplains. [21] [E]
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The curve number can be adjusted by factors to , where factors are less than 1 (reduce and potential runoff), while factor are greater than 1 (increase and potential runoff). The AMC factors can be looked up in the reference table below.