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Warping primarily occurs due to uneven expansion or contraction caused by changes in moisture content. Warping can occur in wood considered "dry" (wood can take up and release moisture indefinitely [ 1 ] ) when it takes up moisture unevenly, or when it is allowed to return to its "dry" equilibrium state unevenly, too slowly, or too quickly.
The cycles are repeated until the moisture content of the wood is at a pre-determined acceptable level. Instead of cycling the wood in the chamber, heat can be added to the wood at a rate that matches the rate of sublimation of ice in the wood to water vapor, which is deposited on the inside of the chamber or in the cold trap.
Equilibrium moisture content of wood versus humidity and temperature, according to the Hailwood-Horrobin equation. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of a hygroscopic material surrounded at least partially by air is the moisture content at which the material is neither gaining nor losing moisture.
Equilibrium moisture content in wood. In heartwood it occurs only in the first and last forms. Wood that is thoroughly air-dried (in equilibrium with the moisture content of the air) retains 8–16% of the water in the cell walls, and none, or practically none, in the other forms. Even oven-dried wood retains a small percentage of moisture, but ...
Wood is normally dried to a point where it is in equilibrium with the atmospheric moisture content or relative humidity, and since this varies so does the equilibrium moisture content. Laboratory testing has found the average FSP in many types of wood to be approximately 26%. Individual species may differ from the average. [2]
Green wood is considered to have 100% moisture content relative to air-dried or seasoned wood, which is considered to be 20%. Energy density charts for wood fuels tend to use air dried wood as their reference, thus oven dried or 0% moisture content can reflect 103.4% energy content.
Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood. Water content is used in a wide range of scientific and technical areas, and is expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of the materials' porosity at saturation.
This means that acetylated wood exhibits a much lower equilibrium moisture content compared to natural, non-acetylated wood. The maximum equilibrium moisture content of regular wood is typically around 30% (referred to usually as fiber saturation point of wood), while wood that has undergone acetylation treatment (with a WPG of 20%) has a final ...
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