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The Catholic Church and Nazi Germany (2009). Mourret, Fernand. History Of The Catholic Church (8 vol, 1931) comprehensive history to 1878. country by country. online free; by French Catholic priest. Ross, Ronald J. The failure of Bismarck's Kulturkampf: Catholicism and state power in imperial Germany, 1871-1887 (Catholic University of Amer ...
Shrine Shinto is a form of the Shinto religion. [1] It has two main varieties: State Shinto , a pre-World War II variant, and another centered on Shinto shrines after World War II, in which ritual rites are the center of belief, conducted by an organization of clergy.
A Shinto rite carried out at a jinja in San Marino, Southern Europe. Overseas Shinto designates the practice of the Japanese religion of Shinto outside Japan itself. Shinto has spread abroad by various methods, including the imperial expansion of the Empire of Japan during the Meiji period, the migration of Japanese to other countries, and the embrace of Shinto by various non-Japanese individuals.
The number of Shinto shrines in Japan is estimated to be around 100,000. [8] Since ancient times, the Shake (社家) families dominated Shinto shrines through hereditary positions, and at some shrines the hereditary succession continues to present day. The Unicode character representing a Shinto shrine (for example, on maps) is U+26E9 ⛩ ...
For lists of Shinto shrines, see: List of Shinto shrines in Japan. List of Shinto shrines in Kyoto; List of Shinto shrines outside Japan. List of Shinto shrines in Taiwan; List of Shinto shrines in the United States
Shrine of Saint Boniface in the Church of the Holy Cross and the Mother of Him who Hung Thereon, Crediton, England ; Shrine of Saint Chad in St Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham, England ; Shrine of Saint Cuthbert in Durham Cathedral, Durham, England ; Shrine of Saint Edburg in Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire
A torii gateway to the Yobito Shrine (Yobito-jinja) in Abashiri City, HokkaidoThere is no universally agreed definition of Shinto. [2] According to Joseph Cali and John Dougill, if there was "one single, broad definition of Shinto" that could be put forward, it would be that "Shinto is a belief in kami", the supernatural entities at the centre of the religion. [3]
Shinto is a religion native to Japan with a centuries'-long history tied to various influences in origin. [1]Although historians debate [citation needed] the point at which it is suitable to begin referring to Shinto as a distinct religion, kami veneration has been traced back to Japan's Yayoi period (300 BC to AD 300).