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Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl 2.It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour.Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s, [5] but is occasionally also used as a solvent.
A typical representative organic reaction displaying this mechanism is the chlorination of alcohols with thionyl chloride, or the decomposition of alkyl chloroformates, the main feature is retention of stereochemical configuration. Some examples for this reaction were reported by Edward S. Lewis and Charles E. Boozer in 1952. [2]
It occurs in compounds such as thionyl fluoride, SOF 2. Thionyl chloride , SOCl 2 , is a common reagent used in organic synthesis to convert carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides . In organic chemistry , the thionyl group is known as a sulfoxide group or sulfinyl group, and has the general structure RS(=O)R'.
Darzens halogenation is the chemical synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols via the treatment upon reflux of a large excess of thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide (SOX 2) in the presence of a small amount of a nitrogen base, such as a tertiary amine or pyridine or its corresponding hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt.
The United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) maintains lists regarding the classification of illicit drugs (see DEA Schedules).It also maintains List I of chemicals and List II of chemicals, which contain chemicals that are used to manufacture the controlled substances/illicit drugs.
Key applications of thionyl chloride also include the pharmaceutical, pesticide, dye, and organic synthesis industries, among others. Thionyl chloride's versatile nature allows it to serve as an acylation agent and a dehydrating agent in various chemical reactions, making it indispensable in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, dyes, and reagents.
In oxychlorination, the combination of hydrogen chloride and oxygen serves as the equivalent of chlorine, as illustrated by this route to 1,2-dichloroethane: 4 HCl + 2 CH 2 =CH 2 + O 2 → 2 Cl−CH 2 −CH 2 −Cl + 2 H 2 O Structure of a bromonium ion. The addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via intermediate halonium ions. In special ...
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