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Three vaccines are available to prevent infection by some HPV types: Gardasil, Gardasil 9 and Cervarix; all three protect against initial infection with HPV types 16 and 18, which cause most of the HPV-associated cancer cases. Gardasil also protects against HPV types 6 and 11, which cause 90% of genital warts.
The highest-risk types are HPV 16 and 18; these are responsible for the vast majority of HPV-related cancers, including cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and head and neck.
HPV-associated cancers are caused by high-risk strains of HPV, mainly HPV-16 and HPV-18. [35] HPV is a small non-enveloped DNA virus of the papillomavirus family. Its genome encodes the early (E) oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7 and the late (L) capsid proteins L1 and L2.
According to an article published 16 September 2015 in The Lancet, which reviewed the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of VGX-3100 in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial (phase 2b) targeting HPV-16 and HPV-18 E6 and E7 proteins for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3, it is the first therapeutic vaccine to show efficacy against ...
HPV types 6 and 11 are responsible for causing majority of genital warts whereas HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35 are also occasionally found. [5] It is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, usually during oral, manual, vaginal, or anal sex with an infected partner. [4] [8] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and can be confirmed by ...
However, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force noted that HPV testing is more effective for women between the ages of 30 and 65. (Women in their 20s should continue to receive pap smears every ...
According to the CDC, during an analysis of reported data from national cancer and epidemiological registries between 2008 and 2012, of 30,700 cases of cancer estimated to be caused by HPV, 24,600 (9500 oropharyngeal) were found to be caused by strains HPV 16 and HPV 18 (which are preventable through vaccination) and 3,800 (900 oropharyngeal ...
Laryngeal papillomatosis is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, most frequently types 6 and 11, [13] although genotypes 16, 18, 31, and 33 have also been implicated. [7] HPV-11 is associated with more aggressive forms of papillomatosis, which may involve more distal parts of the tracheobronchial tree. [ 7 ]
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