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Overview of the citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle, or TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) [1] [2] —is a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and alcohol.
English: Tricarboxylic acid cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle) and some preceding steps Español : Ciclo del ácido cítrico (Ciclo de Krebs). Esperanto : Ciklo de Krebs (ankaux konata kiel citr-acida ciklo).
The Reductive/Reverse TCA Cycle (rTCA cycle). Shown are all of the reactants, intermediates and products for this cycle. The reverse Krebs cycle (also known as the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle, the reverse TCA cycle, or the reverse citric acid cycle, or the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, or the reductive TCA cycle) is a sequence of chemical reactions that are used by some bacteria and ...
This mechanism is effective when TCA cycle activity is low. The shuttle also helps the production of fatty acid and lactic acid. In liver cancer cells, the TCA cycle is blocked, causing accumulation of excess pyruvate. It is a signal of the body defense mechanism. Normally, the cancer cells would die under a high pyruvate level.
Fatty acid degradation is the process in which fatty acids are broken down into their metabolites, in the end generating acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle, the main energy supply of living organisms, including bacteria and animals. [1] [2] It includes three major steps: Lipolysis of and release from adipose tissue
Common name IUPAC name Molecular formula Structural formula citric acid: 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid: C 6 H 8 O 7: isocitric acid: 1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
The reverse Krebs cycle, also known as the reverse TCA cycle (rTCA) or reductive citric acid cycle, is an alternative to the standard Calvin-Benson cycle for carbon fixation. It has been found in strict anaerobic or microaerobic bacteria (as Aquificales ) and anaerobic archea .
The function of fumarase in the citric acid cycle is to facilitate a transition step in the production of energy in the form of NADH. [12] In the cytosol, the enzyme functions to metabolize fumarate, which is a byproduct of the urea cycle as well as amino acid catabolism. Studies have revealed that the active site is composed of amino acid ...