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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and economically devastating infectious disease affecting beef cattle in the world. [1] It is a complex, bacterial or viral infection that causes pneumonia in calves which can be fatal. It also affects many other species of feedlot animals like sheep and pigs, but is most prominent in calves. [2]
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens.The disease is caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus (Coronaviridae, Orthocoronavirinae, genus Gammacoronavirus, subgenus Igacovirus), [1] and characterized by respiratory signs including gasping, coughing, sneezing, tracheal rales, and nasal discharge.
Parasitic bronchitis, also known as hoose, husk, or verminous bronchitis, [1] is a disease of sheep, cattle, goats, [2] and swine caused by the presence of various species of parasite, commonly known as lungworms, [3] in the bronchial tubes or in the lungs. It is marked by cough, dyspnea, anorexia and constipation.
It causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys, chickens, game birds, pigeons, and passerine birds of all ages. [1] [2] Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant pathogen in poultry. Mycoplasmosis is the disease caused by infection with mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas have many defining characteristics.
This disease affects the upper respiratory tract as well as the reproductive tract of cattle, and is commonly found in feedlots across North America. [2] Clinical symptoms include fever, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, difficulty breathing, conjunctivitis and loss of appetite. Ulcers commonly occur in the mouth and nose.
Avian sarcoma leukosis virus (ASLV) is an endogenous retrovirus that infects and can lead to cancer in chickens; experimentally it can infect other species of birds and mammals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ASLV replicates in chicken embryo fibroblasts , the cells that contribute to the formation of connective tissues.
The disease affects all ages of chickens. The disease can persist in the flock for 2-3 weeks and signs of the disease are seen 1–3 days after infection. Transmission of the disease is through direct interaction, airborne droplets, and drinking contaminated water. Chickens having infection and those carriers contribute highly to the disease ...
The strain of avian coronavirus previously known as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the only coronavirus that infects chickens. [3] It causes avian infectious bronchitis , a highly infectious disease that affects the respiratory tract , gut , kidney and reproductive system .