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This line has been called the amphoteric line, [2] the metal-nonmetal line, [3] the metalloid line, [4] [5] the semimetal line, [6] or the staircase. [2] [n 1] While it has also been called the Zintl border [8] or the Zintl line [9] [10] these terms instead refer to a vertical line sometimes drawn between groups 13 and 14.
There are examples of a new class of compounds that, on the basis of their chemical formulae, would appear to be Zintl phases, e.g., K 8 In 11, which is metallic and paramagnetic. Molecular orbital calculations have shown that the anion is (In 11 ) 7− and that the extra electron is distributed over the cations and, possibly, the anion ...
The only metal having an ionisation energy higher than some nonmetals (sulfur and selenium) is mercury. [citation needed] Mercury and its compounds have a reputation for toxicity but on a scale of 1 to 10, dimethylmercury ((CH 3) 2 Hg) (abbr. DMM), a volatile colourless liquid, has been described as a 15. It is so dangerous that scientists have ...
Xenon has a density of 5.894 × 10 −3 g/cm 3, liquifies at −161.4 °C, and solidifies at −165.051 °C. It is non-toxic, and belongs to a select group of substances that penetrate the blood–brain barrier, causing mild to full surgical anesthesia when inhaled in high concentrations with oxygen. Xenon has a high ionisation energy (1170.4 ...
Scott and Kanda [237] refer to the metals in groups 11 to 15, plus platinum in group 10, as soft metals, excluding the very active metals, in groups 1−3. They note many important non-ferrous alloys are made from metals in this class, including sterling silver, brass (copper and zinc), and bronzes (copper with tin, manganese and nickel).
In 1802 the term "metalloids" was introduced for elements with the physical properties of metals but the chemical properties of non-metals. [194] However, in 1811, the Swedish chemist Berzelius used the term "metalloids" [ 195 ] to describe all nonmetallic elements, noting their ability to form negatively charged ions with oxygen in aqueous ...
For alloys containing transition metal elements there is a difficulty in interpretation of the Hume-Rothery electron concentration rule, as the values of e/a values (number of itinerant electrons per atom) for transition metals have been quite controversial for a long time, and no satisfactory solutions have yet emerged. [9] [10]
A metal and a non-metal, e.g., Ca + Cl 2 → CaCl 2; A base and an acid anhydride, e.g., 2 NaOH + Cl 2 O → 2 NaClO + H 2 O; An acid and a base anhydride, e.g., 2 HNO 3 + Na 2 O → 2 NaNO 3 + H 2 O; In the salt metathesis reaction where two different salts are mixed in water, their ions recombine, and the new salt is insoluble and ...