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C is the Equation of the center value needed to calculate lambda ... (f "Day length ... latitude = 33.00801 longitude = 35.08794 elevation = 0 print (calc (time ...
Similar equations are coded into a Fortran 90 routine in Ref. [3] and are used to calculate the solar zenith angle and solar azimuth angle as observed from the surface of the Earth. Start by calculating n, the number of days (positive or negative, including fractional days) since Greenwich noon, Terrestrial Time, on 1 January 2000 .
Daytime length or daytime duration is the time elapsed between beginning and end of the daytime period. Given that Earth's own axis of rotation is tilted 23.44° to the line perpendicular to its orbital plane, called the ecliptic, the length of daytime varies with the seasons on the planet's surface, depending on the observer's latitude.
The equation of time is the east or west component of the analemma, a curve representing the angular offset of the Sun from its mean position on the celestial sphere as viewed from Earth. The equation of time values for each day of the year, compiled by astronomical observatories, were widely listed in almanacs and ephemerides. [2] [3]: 14
Solar time is measured by the apparent diurnal motion of the Sun. Local noon in apparent solar time is the moment when the Sun is exactly due south or north (depending on the observer's latitude and the season). A mean solar day (what we normally measure as a "day") is the average time between local solar noons ("average" since this varies ...
All days of the year, solstices included, have the same length of 12 hours. Solstice day arcs as viewed from 20° latitude. The Sun culminates at 46.56° altitude in winter and 93.44° altitude in summer. In this case an angle larger than 90° means that the culmination takes place at an altitude of 86.56° in the opposite cardinal direction.
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With this value for R the meridian length of 1 degree of latitude on the sphere is 111.2 km (69.1 statute miles) (60.0 nautical miles). The length of one minute of latitude is 1.853 km (1.151 statute miles) (1.00 nautical miles), while the length of 1 second of latitude is 30.8 m or 101 feet (see nautical mile).