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Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (/ l ə ˈ v w ɑː z i eɪ / lə-VWAH-zee-ay; [1] [2] [3] French: [ɑ̃twan lɔʁɑ̃ də lavwazje]; 26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794), [4] also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.
Berthelot was born in Rue du Mouton, Paris, [8] France, on 25 October 1827, the son of a doctor. He decided with his friend, the great historian Ernest Renan, not to attend a grande école where the vast majority of intellectuals were being educated. [9] After doing well at school in history and philosophy, he became a scientist.
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
In the history of chemistry, the chemical revolution, also called the first chemical revolution, was the reformulation of chemistry during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which culminated in the law of conservation of mass and the oxygen theory of combustion.
Joseph-Louis Proust was born on 26 September 1754 in Angers, France. His father served as an apothecary in Angers. Joseph studied chemistry in his father's shop and later went to Paris where he gained the appointment of apothecary in chief to the Salpêtrière. [2] He also taught chemistry with Pilâtre de Rozier, a famous aeronaut. [2]
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
In 1867, he became the chair of organic chemistry at the Sorbonne, [46] but he later gave up the position because of poor health. [47] In 1867, the École Normale's laboratory of physiological chemistry was created at Pasteur's request, [ 46 ] and he was the laboratory's director from 1867 to 1888. [ 48 ]
Lavoisier subsequently discovered and named oxygen, described its role in animal respiration [90] and the calcination of metals exposed to air (1774–1778). In 1783, Lavoisier found that water was a compound of oxygen and hydrogen. [91] Lavoisier's years of experimentation formed a body of work that contested phlogiston theory.