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Generally, Benedict's test detects the presence of aldehyde groups, alpha-hydroxy-ketones, and hemiacetals, including those that occur in certain ketoses. In example, although the ketose fructose is not strictly a reducing sugar, it is an alpha-hydroxy-ketone which results to a positive test because the base component of Benedict converts it ...
Given the very small fractionation of 18 O that usually accompanies MSO, the relatively higher depletions in 18 O of the sulfate produced by MSO coupled to DNR (-1.8 to -8.5 ‰) suggest a kinetic isotope effect in the incorporation of oxygen from water to sulfate and the role of nitrate as a potential alternative source of light oxygen. [63]
In bacteria, sulfate and thiosulfate are transported into the cell by sulfate permeases where it can then be reduced and incorporated into biomolecules. [14] In some organisms (e.g., gut flora , cyanobacteria , and yeast ), [ 15 ] assimilatory sulfate reduction is a more complex process that makes use of the enzymes ATP sulfurylase, APS kinase ...
The uptake of sulfate by the roots and its transport to the shoot is strictly controlled and it appears to be one of the primary regulatory sites of sulfur assimilation. [3] Sulfate is actively taken up across the plasma membrane of the root cells, subsequently loaded into the xylem vessels and transported to the shoot by the transpiration stream.
Sulfate-reducing microorganisms are responsible for the sulfurous odors of salt marshes and mud flats. Much of the hydrogen sulfide will react with metal ions in the water to produce metal sulfides. These metal sulfides, such as ferrous sulfide (FeS), are insoluble and often black or brown, leading to the dark color of sludge. [2]
Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded ionic sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with Ba 2+ or Pb 2+ salts: Na 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO 4. Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most oxidizing or reducing agents.
Example conversion factors, known as N factors, for foods range from 6.38 for dairy and 6.25 for meat, eggs, maize (corn) and sorghum to 5.83 for most grains; 5.95 for rice, 5.70 for wheat flour, and 5.46 for peanuts. [7] In practice, 6.25 is used for almost all food and feed regardless of applicability.
This is a common laboratory test to determine if sulfate anions are present. The sulfate ion can act as a ligand attaching either by one oxygen (monodentate) or by two oxygens as either a chelate or a bridge. [7] An example is the complex Co 2 (SO 4)] + Br − [7] or the neutral metal complex PtSO 4 (PPh 3) 2] where the sulfate ion is acting as ...