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Linux distributions are frequently used in server platforms. [28] [29] Other than the Linux kernel, key components that make up a distribution may include a display server (windowing system), a package manager, a bootloader and a Unix shell. Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration.
Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. [77] Because of the dominance of the Linux-based Android on smartphones, as of January 2023, Linux also has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems.
Linus Torvalds in 2002. In 1991, while studying computer science at University of Helsinki, Linus Torvalds began a project that later became the Linux kernel.He wrote the program specifically for the hardware he was using and independent of an operating system because he wanted to use the functions of his new PC with an 80386 processor.
Linux distributions that have highly modified kernels — for example, real-time computing kernels — should be listed separately. There are also a wide variety of minor BSD operating systems, many of which can be found at comparison of BSD operating systems .
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Other arguments include that the name "GNU/Linux" recognizes the role that the free-software movement played in building modern free and open source software communities, [28] that the GNU project played a larger role in developing packages and software for GNU/Linux or Linux distributions, [6] [7] and that using the word "Linux" to refer to ...
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The common format allows substantial binary compatibility among different Unix systems operating on the same CPU architecture. The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard was created to provide a reference directory layout for Unix-like operating systems; it has mainly been used in Linux.