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Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. [1] [2] The Penning effect is put to practical use in applications such as gas-discharge neon lamps and fluorescent lamps, where the lamp is filled with a Penning mixture to improve the electrical characteristics of the lamps.
A Penning mixture is a mixture of gases that is used in electric gas-discharge lamps. It is defined as a mixture of one inert gas with a minute amount of another gas, one that has lower ionization voltage than the main constituent. It is named after Frans Michel Penning. [1] [2]
Gas phase ion chemistry is a field of science encompassed within both chemistry and physics. It is the science that studies ions and molecules in the gas phase, most often enabled by some form of mass spectrometry. By far the most important applications for this science is in studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions.
Chemi-ionization is the formation of an ion through the reaction of a gas phase atom or molecule with another atom or molecule when the collision energy is below the energy required to ionize the reagents. [1] [2] The reaction may involve a reagent in an excited state [3] or may result in the formation of a new chemical bond.
The DART ion source is a kind of gas-phase ionization, and it requires some sort of volatility of the analyte to support thermally assisted desorption of analyte ions. [14] This limits the size range of the molecules that can be analyzed by DART i.e. m/z 50 to 1200. [1] [15] DART-MS is capable of semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis. To ...
Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. [7] The Penning effect, as it is often called, describes an ionization chain reaction caused by high energy collision between excited inert gas (i.g. argon) metastable atoms and trace gas impurities whose ionization ...
Investors got a taste on Wednesday of how quickly market stability can shift to turmoil. U.S. stocks fell sharply after the Federal Reserve projected fewer interest-rate cuts than expected and as ...
Electron capture ionization (ECI) is the ionization of a gas phase atom or molecule by attachment of an electron to create an ion of the form A −•.The reaction is + where the M over the arrow denotes that to conserve energy and momentum a third body is required (the molecularity of the reaction is three).