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Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. [1] [2] The Penning effect is put to practical use in applications such as gas-discharge neon lamps and fluorescent lamps, where the lamp is filled with a Penning mixture to improve the electrical characteristics of the lamps.
Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. [7] The Penning effect, as it is often called, describes an ionization chain reaction caused by high energy collision between excited inert gas (i.g. argon) metastable atoms and trace gas impurities whose ionization ...
A Penning mixture is a mixture of gases that is used in electric gas-discharge lamps. It is defined as a mixture of one inert gas with a minute amount of another gas, one that has lower ionization voltage than the main constituent.
Chemi-ionization is the formation of an ion through the reaction of a gas phase atom or molecule with another ... but Berry's definition includes the Penning ...
Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] The process is named after the Dutch physicist Frans Michel Penning who first reported it in 1927. [ 16 ]
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Penning ionization refers to the interaction between a gas-phase excited-state atom or molecule G * and a target molecule M resulting in the formation of a radical molecular cation M +., an electron e −, and a neutral gas molecule G: [7]
By Simon Lewis (Reuters) -The Biden administration is concerned that a weakened Iran could build a nuclear weapon, White House National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan said on Sunday, adding that ...